Table 8. Patient-cluster robust sensitivity analyses (2011–2023)

Outcome	Comparison	N	Odds ratio	95% CI	p-value
CSF leakage	2017–2023 vs 2011–2016	337	2.85	0.86–9.38	0.085
CSF leakage	Repeat vs initial recorded TSA	337	5.70	1.77–18.33	0.003
Sinonasal morbidity	2017–2023 vs 2011–2016	314	0.95	0.56–1.61	0.838
Sinonasal morbidity	Repeat vs initial recorded TSA	314	1.79	0.83–3.89	0.138

Separate univariable binomial logistic generalized linear models with patient-cluster robust standard errors were fitted for each row.
These account for within-patient correlation but do not adjust for tumor complexity, surgeon, or reconstruction method.
p-values are exploratory and unadjusted for multiplicity. All models include only 2011–2023 outcomes.
CI, confidence interval; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; TSA, transsphenoidal approach.