| Age (year) | 107 | 51.6±15.2 (15–83) |
| Sex | | |
| Male | 47 (43.9) | |
| Female | 60 (56.1) | |
| Diagnosis | | |
| Pituitary adenoma | 89 (83.2) | |
| Craniopharyngioma | 8 ( 7.5) | |
| Rathke’s ccenter cyst | 7 ( 6.5) | |
| Tuberculum sellae meningioma | 2 ( 1.9) | |
| Optic nerve cavernous malformation | 1 ( 0.9) | |
| Tumor size (cm) | | 2.39±0.9 (0.3–6) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 13 (12.1) | |
| Previous rhinologic history | 17 (15.9) | |
| Deviated nasal septum | 46 (43.0) | |
| Smoking | 17 (15.9) | |
| Admission duration (day) | | 12.8±5.4 (8–37) |
| Operation time (minute) | | 126.4±54.0 (50–380) |
| Follow up date (month) | | 10.9±8.1 (3–46) |