Table 1. Characteristics of available COVID-19 vaccines

	mRNA vaccine		Virus vector vaccine		Recombinant protein vaccine
Manufacture	Pfizer/BioNTech	Moderna	AstraZeneca/University of Oxford	Johnson & Johnson	Novavax
Vaccine name	Comirnaty Inj.	Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine Inj.	Astra Zeneca COVID-19 Vaccine Inj.	COVID-19 Vaccine Janssen Inj.	Nuvaxovid
Type of vaccine	RNA-based	RNA-based	Non-replicating viral vector	Non-replicating viral vector	Protein-based
Age group	12 y/o and above	18 y/o and above	18 y/o and above	18 y/o and above	18 y/o and above
Vial	Multiple dose vial	Multiple dose vial	Multiple dose vial	Multiple dose vial	Prefilled syringe
Dose and frequency	2 doses, 21 d apart	2 doses, 28 d apart	2 doses, 4–12 wk	1 dose	2 doses, 21 d apart
Dosage and route of administration	Diluted vaccine 0.3 mL intramuscular injection	0.5 mL intramuscular injection	0.5 mL intramuscular injection	0.5 mL intramuscular injection	0.5 mL intramuscularly injection
Cold chain requirements	–90℃ to –60℃ (6 mon)	–25℃ to 15℃ (7 mon)	2℃ to 8℃ (6 mon)	–25℃ to –15℃ (24 mon)	2℃ to 8℃ (5 mon)
Storage requirements	–90℃ to –60℃ (6 mon)	2℃ to 8℃ (30 d)	2℃ to 8℃ (6 mon)	2℃ to 8℃ (3 mon)	2℃ to 8℃ (5 mon)
Punctured vial and shelf life	After dilution up to 25℃ within 6 h	Up to 25℃ within 6 h	Up to 30℃ within 6 h	2℃ to 8℃ within 6 h; up to 25℃ within 3 h	Use immediately after first opening

COVID-19: coronavirus disease 2019, mRAN: messenger ribonucleic acid, y/o: year old.